JANUARY 2015
January 29, 2015
Intermolecular forces (bonds)
The attractive forces between the neighboring molecules.
Intramolecular forces(bonds)
The attractive forces between the atoms within a molecule.
Temperature The measure of the kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance
Kinetic Energy The energy a molecule has because of its motion.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
A theory that explains the states of matter , based on the concept that the particles in all states of matter are in constant motion.
Gas
State of matter with a vast separation of the individual gas molecules (Low density). Gases can easily be compressed or expanded freely to fill any space available.
Kelvin
A natural temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 273 degrees.
Absolute zero
The temperature at which all molecular motion theoretically stops.
Gas Pressure
The force that results from the simultaneous collisions of billions of gas particles on an object
Vacuum
A space where no particles of matter exist
Atmospheric Pressure
The pressure exerted by air molecules in the atmosphere
Barometer
An instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure
Monometer
An instrument used to measure the pressure of a contained gas.
Units used to measure pressure.
Millimeter of mercury(mmHg)
Pascal(pa) 760mm HG =1atm=101.3kpa
atmospheres(atm)
January 20, 2015
percent composition
the percent by mass of each of the elements in a compound
mass of element x 100
mass of compound
review for quarterly
January 13, 2015
Stoichiometry
the calculations of quantities of substances involved in chemical reactions
mole ratio
Mole ratio refers to the ratio between the number of moles of any two substances in a balanced chemical equation.
January 5
students reviewed for test next class
percent composition
the percent by mass of each of the elements in a compound
mass of element x 100
mass of compound
empirical formula
the formula with the smallest whole-number ratio of the elements in a compound
molecular formula
the formula that specifies the exact number of atoms of each element in a compound
JANUARY 21, 2014
Stoichiometry
The calculations of the quantities of the substances involved in a chemical reaction.
Theoretical yield
The maximum amount of product that can be formed in a chemical reaction.
The amount of product that is calculated from a balanced chemical equation.
Actual yield
The amount of product that is formed when a reaction is carried out in a laboratory.
percent yield
The measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction.
Actual yield divided by the theoretical yield expressed as a percent
Stoichiometry Worksheet and Theoretical and Actual Yield | |
File Size: | 25 kb |
File Type: |
nsc-130_stoichiometry_worksheet_answers.pdf | |
File Size: | 252 kb |
File Type: |
animation of metallic bond
Empirical Formula
a formula with the lowest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound
Scientific Method
Observation->hypothesis->experiment->theory
January 29
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
Metallic Bond
Valence electrons moving easily among metallic cations
animation of metallic bond
Empirical Formula
a formula with the lowest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound
Scientific Method
Observation->hypothesis->experiment->theory
January 28
CP Chemistry
Block 5B
Metallic Bond
Valence electrons moving easily among metallic cations
Empirical Formula
a formula with the lowest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound
Scientific Method
Observation->hypothesis->experiment->theory
January 28
CP Chemistry
Block 1B
When multiplying or dividing with significant digits, the answer to the multiplication or division must be rounded to equal the least number of
significant digits in the numbers that were multiplied or divided.
When adding or subtracting with significant digits the answer must be rounded to equal the least number of decimal places in the numbers that were added or subtracted.
Students worked on the worksheet you can download below
Metallic Bond
Valence electrons moving easily among metallic cations
Empirical Formula
a formula with the lowest whole-number ratio of elements in a compound
Students were given a midterm review packet that can be downloaded below
significant_figures_worksheet.pdf | |
File Size: | 50 kb |
File Type: |
January 25
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
Class began with the last test of the marking period.
When multiplying or dividing with significant digits, the answer to the multiplication or division must be rounded to equal the least number of
significant digits in the numbers that were multiplied or divided.
When adding or subtracting with significant digits the answer must be rounded to equal the least number of decimal places in the numbers that were added or subtracted.
Students worked on the worksheet you can download below
significant_figures_worksheet.pdf | |
File Size: | 50 kb |
File Type: |
January 24
CP Chemistry
Block 1B
Class began with a test
Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to an accepted value
Precision refers to how close a series of measurements are to each other.
Rules for significant digits
1) all nonzero numbers are significant
2) all sandwiched zeros are significant
3) all zeros to the left of a nonzero number are not significant
4) all zeros to the right of a nonzero number are significant only if there is a decimal in the number.
Students worked on a significant digit worksheet. Download below
January 23
CP Chemistry
Block 1A, 2A, 4A
Class began with a review for the upcoming test the next time we meet, this thursday
Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to an accepted value
Precision refers to how close a series of measurements are to each other.
Rules for significant digits
1) all nonzero numbers are significant
2) all sandwiched zeros are significant
3) all zeros to the left of a nonzero number are not significant
4) all zeros to the right of a nonzero number are significant only if there is a decimal in the number.
Students worked on a significant digit worksheet. Download below
significant_figures_worksheet.pdf | |
File Size: | 50 kb |
File Type: |
January 22
CP Chemistry
Block 5B
Class began with a review for the upcoming test the next time we meet, this thursday
Accuracy refers to how close a measurement is to an accepted value
Precision refers to how close a series of measurements are to each other.
.
January 22
CP Chemistry
Block 1B
Class began with a review for the upcoming test on thursday, the next time we meet.
Intramolecular forces are the attractive forces that hold atoms or ions together within ionic compounds, molecules or metals. Example is covalent bonds.
Intermolecular forces are the attrative forces that bond molecules to other identical molecules.
Intramolecular forces are much stronger than intermolecular forces
Intermolecular forces
Van der Walls Forces
1) dispersion forces-weakest of all intermolecule forces.
Present in nonpolar molecules.
Caused by the motion of electrons
animation
2) dipole-dipole forces- attraction of a polar molecule to another polar molecule
animation
Hydrogen bonds
a hydrogen bonded to a very
electronegative atom bonds weakly to an unshared electron pair on a similar molecule. Hydrogen bonds are the strongest of the intermolecular
forces
animation
Solid definite shape
definite volume
most attraction between particles. The particles of a solid must be very close to each other.
Liquid
indefinite shape
definite volume
Less attraction than a solid but strong attraction. The particles of a liquid are slightly further apart than a solid
Gas indefinite shape
indefinite poop
Little or no attraction between particles.
The particle of a gas are extremely far
apart.
Animation (Plato 11)
January 21
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
Intramolecular forces are the attractive forces that hold
atoms or ions together within ionic compounds, molecules or metals. Examples are
covalent bonds.
Intermolecular forces are
the attrative forces that bond molecules to other identical
molecules.
Intramolecular forces are much stronger than intermolecular forces
Intermolecular
forces
Van der Walls Forces
1) dispersion forces-weakest of all intermolecule forces.
Present in nonpolar molecules.
Caused by the motion of electrons
animation
2) dipole-dipole
forces- attraction of a polar molecule to another polar molecule
animation
Hydrogen bonds
a hydrogen bonded to a very
electronegative atom bonds weakly to an unshared electron pair on a similar molecule. Hydrogen bonds are the strongest of the intermolecular
forces
animation
Solid definite shape
definite volume
most attraction between particles. The particles of a solid must be very close to each other.
Liquid
indefinite shape
definite volume
Less attraction than a solid but strong attraction. The particles of a liquid are slightly further apart than a solid
Gas indefinite shape
indefinite poop
Little or no attraction between particles.
The particle of a gas are extremely far
apart.
Animation (Plato 11)
January 18
CP Chemistry
Block 5B
Intramolecular forces are the attractive forces that hold atoms or ions together within ionic compounds, molecules or metals. Examples are covalent bonds.
Intermolecular forces are the attrative forces that bond molecules to other identical molecules.
Intramolecular forces are much stronger than intermolecular forces
Intermolecular forces
Van der Walls Forces
1) dispersion forces-weakest of all intermolecule forces. Present in nonpolar molecules.
Caused by the motion of electrons
animation
2) dipole-dipole forces- attraction of a polar molecule to another polar molecule
animation
Hydrogen bonds
a hydrogen bonded to a very electronegative atom bonds weakly to an unshared electron pair on a similar molecule. Hydrogen bonds are the strongest of the intermolecular forces
animation
Solid definate shape
definate volume
The particles of a solid must be very close to each other.
Liquid indefinate shape
definate volume
The particles of a liquid are slightly further apart than a solid
Gas indefinate shape
indefinate volume
The particle of a gas are extremely far apart.
Animation (Plato 11)
January 18, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1B
Polarity
The state of having two opposite poles. One positive (or slightly positive) and
one negative (or slightly negative).
Polar Bond
A covalent bond in which the
electrons are not shared
equally. This creates a bond in which one side is more positive and the other side is more negative.
Dipole
Having two poles
Polar Molecule
A molecule that has a
positive and negative end due to its' polar bonds and it's molecular geometry.
Polarity
January 17, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
Polarity
The state of having two opposite poles. One positive (or
slightly positive) and
one negative (or slightly negative).
Polar Bond
A covalent bond in which the
electrons are not shared
equally. This creates a bond in which one side is more positive and the other side is more
negative.
Dipole
Having two poles
Polar Molecule
A molecule that has a
positive and negative end due to its' polar bonds and it's molecular geometry.
Polarity
January 16, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 5B
Polarity
The state of having two opposite poles. One positive (or
slightly positive) and one negative (or slightly negative.
Polar Bond
A covalent bond in which the
electrons are not shared equally.
This creates a bond in which one side is more positive and the other side is more
negative.
Dipole
Having two poles
Polar Molecule
A molecule that has a
positive and negative end due to its' polar bonds and it's molecular geometry.
Polarity
January 16, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1B
Molecular formula
formula that shows the number and type of elements in a
molecule
Structural formula
uses symbols and bonds to show the position of each
atom
Shapes of Molecules
VSEPR Theory:
Atoms in a molecule will arrange in the shape that best minimizes the repulsion of their
shared and unshared valence
electrons pairs.
Shared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are
involved in a covalent
bond
Unshared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are not
involved in a covalent bond
Shapes of Molecules
Linear
180 2 or 3 atoms
Bent
104.5 3 atoms
Trigonal
planar 120 4 atoms
Trigonal
pyramidal 107.3 4 atoms
Tetrahedral 109.5 5 atoms
Animation of shapes
Students worked on
a molecular geometry (Shape)
worksheet. Click below to download the worksheet
January 15, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
Block 2A completed the "properties of molecular compounds" lab. After the lab we discussed the results with the class. Blocks 1A and 4A began with the notes below as did 2A after the lab.
Molecular formula
formula that shows the number and type of elements in a
molecule
Structural formula
uses symbols and bonds to show the position of each atom
Shapes of Molecules
VSEPR Theory:
Atoms in a molecule will arrange in the shape that best minimizes the repulsion of their
shared and unshared valence electrons pairs.
Shared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are
involved in a covalent bond
Unshared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are not
involved in a covalent bond
Shapes of Molecules
Linear
180 2 or 3 atoms
Bent
104.5 3 atoms
Trigonal
planar 120 4 atoms
Trigonal
pyramidal 107.3 4 atoms
Tetrahedral 109.5 5 atoms
Animation of shapes
Students worked on a molecular geometry (Shape)
worksheet. Click below to download the
worksheet
molecular_geometry__worksheet.pdf | |
File Size: | 73 kb |
File Type: |
January 14, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 5B
Molecular formula
formula that shows the number and type of elements in a
molecule
Structural formula
uses symbols and bonds to show the position of each atom
Shapes of Molecules
VSEPR Theory:
Atoms in a molecule will arrange in the shape that best minimizes the repulsion of their shared and
unshared valence electrons pairs.
Shared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are involved in a covalent bond
Unshared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are not involved in a covalent bond
Shapes of Molecules
Linear
180 2 or 3 atoms
Bent
104.5 3 atoms
Trigonal
planar 120 4 atoms
Trigonal
pyramidal 107.3 4 atoms
Tetrahedral 109.5 5 atoms
Animation of shapes
Students worked on a molecular geometry (Shape) worksheet. Click below to download the worksheet
Worksheet
Polarity
The state of having two opposite poles. One positive (or
slightly positive) and one negative (or slightly negative.
Polar Bond
A covalent bond in which the
electrons are not shared equally.
This creates a bond in which one side is more positive and the other side is more
negative.
Dipole
Having two poles
January 14, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1B
Students got their tests back and went over the naming molecular compound worksheet they had for homework.
Students then went to the lab and performed the same tests they performed on the ionic compounds on molecular compounds.
The class discussed the results of the lab and the properties of molecular compounds.
Molecular formula
formula that shows the number and type of elements in a
molecule
Structural formula
uses symbols and bonds to show the position of each atom
Shapes of Molecules
VSEPR Theory:
Atoms in a molecule will arrange in the shape that best minimizes the repulsion of their shared and
unshared valence electrons pairs.
Shared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are involved in a covalent bond
Unshared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are not involved in a covalent bond
Shapes of Molecules
Linear
180 2 or 3 atoms
Bent
104.5 3 atoms
Trigonal
planar 120 4 atoms
Trigonal
pyramidal 107.3 4 atoms
Tetrahedral 109.5 5 atoms
Animation of shapes
January 11, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
Students
Students took a test that lasted most of the period.
The remainder on the period we discussed the shapes of molecules.
Molecular formula
formula that shows the number and type of elements in a
molecule
Structural formula
uses symbols and bonds to show the position of each atom
Shapes of Molecules
VSEPR Theory:
Atoms in a molecule will arrange in the shape that best minimizes the repulsion of their shared and
unshared valence electrons pairs.
Shared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are involved in a covalent bond
Unshared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are not involved in a covalent bond
Shapes of Molecules
Linear
180 2 or 3 atoms
Bent
104.5 3 atoms
Trigonal
planar 120 4 atoms
Trigonal
pyramidal 107.3 4 atoms
Tetrahedral 109.5 5 atoms
Animation of shapes
January 10, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 5B
Students took a test that lasted most of the period.
The remainder on the period we discussed the shapes of molecules.
January 10, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1B
Students took a test that lasted most of the period.
The remainder on the period we discussed naming and formula writing of molecular compounds.
Naming molecular
(covalent) compounds:
-The first element in the formula
is always named first, using the entire element name
- The second element in the
formula is named using its' root
and adding the suffix -ide
- Prefixes are added to both names to indicate the number of atoms in each element
present in the compound.
January 9, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
January 9, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
Students reviewed for the test that will be taken the next time
we meet.
Students discussed the properties of molecular compounds they discovered in the lab.
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence
electrons
Molecular Compound
A compound made of 2 or more nonmetals covalently bonded
A molecule is formed
when two or more nonmetal atoms bond covalently
Single Covalent Bond
A bond in which two electrons are shared by two atoms
Double Covalent Bond
A bond in which four electrons are shared by two
atoms
Triple Covalent Bond
A bond in which six electrons are shared by two atoms
January 9, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
January 8, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 5B
Students reviewed for the test that will be taken the next time we meet.
Molecular formula
formula that shows the number and type of elements in a
molecule
Structural formula
uses symbols and bonds to show the position of each atom
Shapes of Molecules
VSEPR Theory:
Atoms in a molecule will arrange in the shape that best minimizes the repulsion of their shared and
unshared valence electrons pairs.
Shared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are involved in a covalent bond
Unshared Electron Pairs
Valence electrons that are not involved in a covalent bond
Shapes of Molecules
Linear
180 2 or 3 atoms
Bent
104.5 3 atoms
Trigonal
planar 120 4 atoms
Trigonal
pyramidal 107.3 4 atoms
Tetrahedral 109.5 5 atoms
Animation of shapes
January 8, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1B
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence
electrons
Molecular Compound
A compound made of 2 or more nonmetals covalently bonded
A molecule is formed
when two or more nonmetal atoms bond covalently
Single Covalent Bond
A bond in which two electrons are shared by two
atoms
Double Covalent Bond
A bond in which four electrons are shared by two
atoms
Triple Covalent Bond
A bond in which six electrons are shared by two atoms
Naming molecular
(covalent) compounds:
-The first element in the formula
is always named first, using the entire element name
- The second element in the
formula is named using its' root
and adding the suffix -ide
- Prefixes are added to both names to indicate the number of atoms in each element
present in the compound.
January 7, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence
electrons
Molecular Compound
A compound made of 2 or more nonmetals covalently bonded
A molecule is formed when two or more nonmetal atoms bond covalently
Single Covalent Bond
A bond in which two electrons are shared by two
atoms
Double Covalent Bond
A bond in which four electrons are shared by two atoms
Triple Covalent Bond
A bond in which six electrons are shared by two atoms
Naming molecular
(covalent) compounds:
-The first element in the formula is always named first, using the entire element name
- The second element in the
formula is named using its' root
and adding the suffix -ide
- Prefixes are added to both names to indicate the number of atoms in each element present
in the compound.
January 4, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 5B
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence
electrons
Molecular Compound
A compound made of 2 or more nonmetals covalently bonded
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond covalently
Single Covalent Bond
A bond in which two electrons are shared by two atoms
Double Covalent Bond
A bond in which four electrons are shared by two atoms
Triple Covalent Bond
A bond in which six electrons are shared by two atoms
Naming molecular (covalent) compounds:
-The first element in the formula is always named first, using the entire element name
- The second element in the formula is named using its' root
and adding the suffix -ide
- Prefixes are added to both names to indicate the number of atoms in each element present in the compound.
January 4, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1B
Students reviewed ionic formula writing and naming with a worksheet. Click below to download worksheet.
ionic_naming_and_formula_writing_mixed.pdf | |
File Size: | 49 kb |
File Type: |
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence
electrons
Molecular Compound
A compound made of 2 or more nonmetals covalently bonded
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond covalently
Single Covalent Bond
A bond in which two electrons are shared by two atoms
Double Covalent Bond
A bond in which four electrons are shared by two atoms
Triple Covalent Bond
A bond in which six electrons are shared by two atoms
January 3, 2013
CP Chemistry
Block 1A,2A,4A
Students reviewed ionic formula writing and naming with a worksheet. Click below to download worksheet.
ionic_naming_and_formula_writing_mixed.pdf | |
File Size: | 49 kb |
File Type: |
Students then completed a lab on the properties of ionic compounds.
Click below to download
the lab.
properties_of_ionic_compounds_lab1.pdf | |
File Size: | 102 kb |
File Type: |
Properties of ionic Compounds
- solid at room temperature
- high melting and boiling points
- conduct electricity when dissolved in water ot melted
- they form crystals
- brittle
January 2, 2012
CP Chemistry
Block 1B
Polyatomic ions:
an ion made up of 2 or more atoms bonded together that carries a charge.
Ionic compounds that include transition metals:
Naming- Naming must include the charge of the cation in parentheses after the symbol of the cation and before the symbol of the anion.
ex: copper (II) chloride
Students worked on the
naming ionic compound worksheet below
naming_and_writing_ionic_compounds111.pdf | |
File Size: | 65 kb |
File Type: |
Students reviewed ionic formula writing and naming and completed a lab on the properties of ionic compounds.
Click below to download the lab.
properties_of_ionic_compounds_lab1.pdf | |
File Size: | 102 kb |
File Type: |
Properties of ionic Compounds
- solid at room temperature
- high melting and boiling points
- conduct electricity when dissolved in water ot melted
- they form crystals
- brittle
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence
electrons
Molecular Compound
A compound made of 2 or more nonmetals covalently bonded
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond covalently
Single Covalent Bond
A bond in which two electrons are shared by two atoms
Double Covalent Bond
A bond in which four electrons are shared by two atoms
Triple Covalent Bond
A bond in which six electrons are shared by two atoms
January 2, 2013
Block 5B
Covalent Bond
A chemical bond that results from the sharing of valence
electrons
Molecular Compound
A compound made of 2 or more nonmetals covalently bonded
A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond covalently
Single Covalent Bond
A bond in which two
electrons are shared by two
atoms
Double Covalent Bond
A bond in which four electrons are shared by two atoms
Triple Covalent Bond
A bond in which six electrons are shared by two atoms
Students worked on an electron dot covalent bonding worksheet.
Click below to download the worksheet
covalent_electron_dot_worksheet.pdf | |
File Size: | 41 kb |
File Type: |