ions Atoms that acquire a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons
cation A positively charged ion. Atoms lose electrons to become cations.
anion A negatively charged ion. Atoms gain electrons to become anions.
ionic bond bond formed by the attraction of cations(+) to anions(-).
ionic compound a compound composted of positive and negative ions. Ionic compounds are made up of a metal (cation) and a nonmetal(anion)
Binary ionic compounds ionic compounds composed of two elements
Naming binary ionic compounds
cation-same name as the element
anion- same name as the element but add -ide to the ending
polyatomic ions a tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and carries a charge.
Ionic compounds that contain transition metal must include the charge of the metal ion in parentheses.
Molecular compounds Covalent compounds Compounds made up of 2 or more nonmetals
Naming binary molecular(covalent) compounds
use a prefix for both first and second element except when the first is a mono (1). If mono leave the prefix off. Second element always ends in -ide.
September 19,2014
Periodic Table An arrangement of the elements into rows and columns according to similarities in their properties.
Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements in increasing atomic mass and discovered a periodic pattern in their physical and chemical properties.
Periodic Law when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number their is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties
Periods the horizontal rows of the periodic table
Groups (Families) the vertical columns of the periodic table
Metals the majority of the elements of the periodic table. Metals are usually lustrous, ductile, malleable and good conductors of heat and electricity.
Nonmetals class of elements of the periodic table that are not lustrous and poor conductors of heat and electricity
Metalloids class of elements of the periodic table that have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Alkali Metals group 1 metals. Very reactive metals
Alkaline Earth Metals group 2 metals. Moderately reactive metals
Halogens nonmetals of group 17. Very reactive nonmetals
Nobel Gases nonmetals of group 18. These gases are extremely nonreactive.
Representative elements elements belonging to groups 1,2 and 13 through 18. They represent the entire range of chemical and physical properties.
Transition metals metals found in groups 3 to 12
Lanthanide series elements in period 6 that follow the element lanthanum
Actinide series elements in period 6 that follow the element actinium
September 17,2014
Block 1A
Students continued to examine atomic structure.
Block 6A
Students took the first test of the first quarter. students then performed a metal, nonmetal, metalloid lab.
September 15, 2104
Students took the preassessment then reviewed atomic structure.
September 11
atom The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
electron negatively charged subatomic particle
proton positively charged subatomic particle
neutron subatomic particle, with no charge, found in the nucleus of the atom.
Nucleus
The extremely small, positively charged, dense center of the atom that contains protons and neutrons
isotope atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
September 9
students explored the difference between elements and compounds
September 5 and 8
Students performed a lab in which they observed chemical changes taking place
September 3, 2014
Chemistry
The study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom
The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Substance
Matter that has definite composition
Chemical Composition
The elements that make up a substance, and the way they are arranged
Physical change
A type of change that does not alter the chemical composition of a substance
Chemical change
A type of change that alters the chemical composition of a substance
Physical property
A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition
Chemical Property
The ability of a substance to undergo a change in its chemical composition
atom The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
electron negatively charged subatomic particle
proton positively charged subatomic particle
neutron subatomic particle, with no charge, found in the nucleus of the atom.
isotope atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
September 27
Scientific Notation
A number between 1 and 10 (coefficient) multiplied by 10 raised to a power(exponent)
electron
negatively charged subatomic particle
proton positively charged subatomic particle
neutron subatomic particle found in the nucleus of the atom with no charge.
isotope atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
September 25
Significant Figures
1) All the digits that can be known precisely in a measurement, plus one last estimated digit.
2) All the digits the instrument gives you, plus one estimated digit.
Scientific Notation
A number between 1 and 10 (coefficient) raised to multiplied by 10 raised to a power(exponent)
Rules for Writing Significant figures (digits) 1)all nonzero digits are significant digits 2) any sandwiched zeros are significant digits 3)Leading zeros are not significant digits 4)Zeros at the end of a measurement are significant only if there is a decimal in the number
September 23
Accuracy The closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is being measured.
Precision The closeness of several measurements to each other under the same conditions.
Qualitative measurement a measurement which gives descriptive nonnumeric results
Quantitative measurement a measurement which gives definite, usually numeric results
Significant Figures
All the digits that the instrument gives you, plus one estimated
September 19
Density The ratio of the mass of a substance to its' volume.
D=m/v
Accuracy The closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is being measured.
Precision The closeness of several measurements to each other under the same conditions.
Actual value The quantity used by general agreement of the scientific community
Experimental value The quantity obtained experimentally
Percent Error
A ratio of an error to the accepted value.
%Error=accepted value-experimental value x 100 accepted value
September 13 and 17 2013
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Substance (pure substance)
Matter that has definite composition
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Compound a chemical combination of two or more elements that can be broken down into simpler substances on by a chemical reaction.
Molecule
a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound
Mixture Combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Heterogeneous Mixture A mixture that is not uniform throughout. The components of the mixture can be distinguished.
Homogeneous Mixture A mixture that is uniform throughout. The components of the mixture cannot be distinguished.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
Colloid A heterogeneous mixture in which particles of the mixture remain suspended.
Suspension A heterogeneous mixture in which particles of the mixture eventually settle out.
Tyndall effect The reflection of light off suspended particles
Density the ratio of the mass of a substance to its' volume
September 11, 2013
Students worked on the "observations of a chemical reaction" lab
September 9, 2013
Chemistry
The study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom
The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Substance
Matter that has definite composition
Chemical Composition
The elements that make up a substance, and the way they are arranged
Physical change
A type of change that does not alter the chemical composition of a substance
Chemical change
A type of change that alters the chemical composition of a substance