December 22,2014
mole
the amount of a substance that contains 6.02 x 10 exp23 representative particles of that substance. The mass is equal to its' atomic mass in grams of the substance.
Representative particle
the particle that a substance commonly exists in. Example: atoms, molecules, ions
Avogadro's number
6.02 x 10 exp 23
the number of representative particles contained in one mole of a substance.
molar mass
the mass of one mole of a substance . Equal to the atomic mass ( or sum of atomic masses)of the substance in grams.
Block 1A
Block 2A,5A
Types of Chemical Reactions
Synthesis (Combination) reaction
A reaction in which two or more substances react to produce a single product.
A + B ----> AB
decomposition reaction
A reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or compounds.
AB ------> A + B
Single-Replacement Reactions
A reaction in which the atoms of one element replace the atoms of another element in a compound
A + BX ------> AX + B
or
A + XB -------> XA + B
A metal or halogen will only replace another metal or halogen if it is more reactive than that metal or halogen. You must refer to the activity series of metals or halogens.
Double Replacement Reactions
A reaction that involves the exchange of ions between two compounds
AB + CD -----> AD + CB
Combustion Reactions
A reaction in which oxygen combines with a substance.
A + O2 -------->
December 5, 2013
Chemical reaction
The changing of substances into different substances by the breaking of old bonds and the formation of new bonds
Chemical equation
An expression representing a chemical reaction. (a recipe)
The formulas of
the reactants(on the left) are connected by an arrow with the formulas of the products on the
right.
Reactant
A starting substance in
a chemical reaction
Product
A substance formed in a
chemical reaction
Coefficient
A small whole number
that appears in front of a formula that indicated the number of molecules, atoms or formula units, of that substance
Subscript
a number that appears smaller than the normal type and slightly below to indicate the
number of that element in the
compound
In a balanced chemical equation the mass is conserved.
Each side of the equation
has the same number of atoms of each element.
mole ratio
Mole ratio refers to the
ratio between the number of moles of any two substances in a chemical equation.
December 21, 2012
Block 1A,2A,4A
CP Chemistry
Students reviewed ionic formula writing and naming and completed a lab on the properties of ionic compounds.
Click below to download the lab.
properties_of_ionic_compounds_lab.pdf | |
File Size: | 102 kb |
File Type: |
December 20, 2012
Block 5B
CP Chemistry
Students reviewed ionic formula writing and naming and completed a lab on the properties of ionic compounds.
Click below to download the lab.
properties_of_ionic_compounds_lab.pdf | |
File Size: | 102 kb |
File Type: |
December 20, 2012
Block 1B
CP Chemistry
Polyatomic ions:
an ion made up of 2 or more atoms bonded together that carries a charge.
Ionic compounds that include transition metals:
Naming- Naming must include the charge of the cation in parentheses after the symbol of the cation and before the symbol of the anion.
ex: copper (II) chloride
Students worked on the
naming ionic compound worksheet below
naming_and_writing_ionic_compounds11.pdf | |
File Size: | 65 kb |
File Type: |
December 19, 2012
Block 1A,2A,4A
CP Chemistry
Polyatomic ions:
an ion made up of 2 or more atoms bonded together that carries a charge.
Ionic compounds that include transition metals:
Naming- Naming must include the charge of the cation in parentheses after the symbol of the cation and before the symbol of the anion.
ex: copper (II) chloride
Students worked on the
naming ionic compound worksheet below
naming_and_writing_ionic_compounds1.pdf | |
File Size: | 65 kb |
File Type: |
December 18, 2012
Block 5B
CP Chemistry
Polyatomic ions:
an ion made up of 2 or more atoms bonded together that carries a charge.
Ionic compounds that include transition metals:
Naming- Naming must include the charge of the cation in parentheses after the symbol of the cation and befor the symbol of the anion.
ex: copper (II) chloride
Students worked on the
naming ionic compound worksheet below
naming_and_writing_ionic_compounds.pdf | |
File Size: | 65 kb |
File Type: |
December 18, 2012
Block 1B
CP Chemistry
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
interactive atom/ion
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share
electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron
configuration of a nobel gas)
gas).
Chemical bond
the force that holds
two atoms together
cation
a positively charged
ion
anion
a negatively charged ion
ionic bond
the electrostatic force that holds two oppositely charged ions
together
ionic compound
compounds that contain ionic bonds.They are also known as salts
ionic compounds are made up of a metal (cation)and a nonmetal (anion)
Formula Unit
The simpliest ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound
Electron dot to show the ionic bonding
The net charge of an ionic compound must equal zero.
Criss-Cross Method
Naming binary ionic Compounds:
a) cation is the same
name as the element
b) anion is the same as the element but ends in -ide
Students then worked on an ionic compound lab and worksheet . To download both click the link below.
Students participated in the smartboard animation
Students watched this animation
ionic_binary_naming_writing.pdf | |
File Size: | 56 kb |
File Type: |
ionic_formula_writing_lab_2.pdf | |
File Size: | 428 kb |
File Type: |
December 17, 2012
Block 1A,2A,4A
CP Chemistry
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share
electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron
configuration of a nobel gas)
gas).
Chemical bond
the force that holds
two atoms together
cation
a positively charged
ion
anion
a negatively charged ion
ionic bond
the electrostatic force that holds two oppositely charged ions
together
ionic compound
compounds that contain ionic bonds.They are also known as salts
ionic compounds are made up of a metal (cation)and a nonmetal (anion)
Formula Unit
The simpliest ratio of ions represented in an ionic compound
Electron dot to show the ionic bonding
The net charge of an ionic compound must equal zero.
Criss-Cross Method
Naming binary ionic Compounds:
a) cation is the same
name as the element
b) anion is the same as the element but ends in -ide
Students then worked on an ionic compound lab and worksheet . To download both click the link below.
Students participated in the smartboard animation
Students watched this animation
ionic_binary_naming_writing.pdf | |
File Size: | 56 kb |
File Type: |
ionic_formula_writing_lab_2.pdf | |
File Size: | 428 kb |
File Type: |
December 14, 2012
Block 1B,5B
CP Chemistry
Students took a test that occupied most of the period
December 13, 2012
Block 1A,2A,4A
CP Chemistry
Students took a test that occupied most of the period
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share
electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron
configuration of a nobel gas)
gas).
Chemical bond
the force that holds
two atoms together
cation
a positively charged
ion
anion
a negatively charged ion
ionic bond
the electrostatic force that holds two oppositely charged ions
together
ionic compound
compounds that contain ionic bonds.They are also known as salts
ionic compounds are made up of a metal (cation)and a nonmetal (anion)
Electron dot to show the ionic bonding
The net
charge of an ionic compound must equal zero.
Criss-Cross Method
Naming binary ionic Compounds:
a) cation is the same
name as the element
b) anion is the same as the element but ends in
-ide
December 12, 2012
Block 5B
CP Chemistry
Students reviewed for the upcoming test on friday december 14
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron configuration of a nobel
gas).
Chemical bond
the force that holds two atoms together
cation
a positively charged ion
anion
a negatively charged ion
ionic bond
the electrostatic force that holds two oppositely charged ions together
ionic compound
compounds that contain ionic bonds.They are also known as salts
Electron dot to show the ionic bonding
The net charge of an ionic compound must equal zero.
Criss-Cross Method
Naming binary ionic Compounds:
a) cation is the same name as the element
b) anion is the same as the element but ends in -ide
December 12, 2012
Block 1B
CP Chemistry
Students reviewed for test they will take on friday December 14
Ionization energy:
The energy needed to remove
an electron from a gaseous atom.
The ionization energy of an
atom increases as you move left to right across a period and decreases as you move top to bottom down a group.
Electronegativity:
an atoms ability to attract electrons while in a chemical bond.
Electronegativity increases left to right across a period and decreases top to bottom down a group.
Click below to download the periodic trend worksheet students worked on in class
periodic_trends_worksheet_1.pdf | |
File Size: | 69 kb |
File Type: |
December 11, 2012
Block 1A,2A,4A
CP Chemistry
Students reviewed for upcoming test on thursday December 13
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share
electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron
configuration of a nobel
gas).
Chemical bond
the force that holds two atoms together
cation
a positively charged ion
anion
a negatively charged
ion
ionic bond
the electrostatic force that holds two oppositely
charged ions together
ionic compound
compounds that contain ionic
bonds.They are also known as salts
Electron dot to show the ionic
bonding
The net charge of an ionic compound must equal
zero.
Criss-Cross Method
December 10, 2012
Block 5B
CP Chemistry
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron configuration of a nobel
gas).
Chemical bond
the force that holds two atoms together
cation
a positively charged ion
anion
a negatively charged ion
ionic bond
the electrostatic force that holds two oppositely charged ions together
ionic compound
compounds that contain ionic bonds.They are also known as salts
Electron dot to show the ionic bonding
The net charge of an ionic compound must equal zero.
Criss-Cross Method
December 10, 2012
Block 1B
CP Chemistry
Periodic Trends
Atomic Radius is the term
used to describe the size of the atom. It is equal to half the distance between two adjacent atoms.
The atomic radius of an
atom decreases as you move left to right across a period
and increases as you
move from top to bottom down a
group.
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron configuration of a nobel
gas).
Ionization energy:
The energy needed to remove
an electron from a gaseous atom.
The ionization energy of an
atom increases as you move left to right across a period and decreases as you move top to bottom down a group.
Electronegativity:
an atoms ability to attract electrons while in a chemical bond.
Electronegativity increases left to right across a period and decreases top to bottom down a group.
Click below to download the periodic trend worksheet students worked on in class
Students graphed the three different trends of the periodic table. Click below to download the graphing activity
periodic_trends_worksheet_1.pdf | |
File Size: | 69 kb |
File Type: |
periodic_trends_graphing_activity.pdf | |
File Size: | 113 kb |
File Type: |
December 7, 2012
Block 1A,2A,4A
CP Chemistry
Periodic Trends
Atomic Radius is the term
used to describe the size of the atom. It is equal to half the distance between two adjacent atoms.
The atomic radius of an
atom decreases as you move left to right across a period
and increases as you
move from top to bottom down a
group.
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron configuration of a nobel
gas).
Ionization energy:
The energy needed to remove
an electron from a gaseous atom.
The ionization energy of an
atom increases as you move left to right across a period and decreases as you
move top to bottom down a group.
Electronegativity:
an atoms ability to attract electrons while in a chemical bond.
Electronegativity increases left to right across a period and decreases top to bottom down a group.
Click below to download the periodic trend worksheet students worked on in class
Students graphed the three different trends of the periodic table. Click below to download the graphing activity
periodic_trends_graphing_activity.pdf | |
File Size: | 113 kb |
File Type: |
periodic_trends_worksheet_1.pdf | |
File Size: | 69 kb |
File Type: |
December 6, 2012
Block 5B
CP Chemistry
Periodic Trends
Atomic Radius is the term
used to describe the size of the atom.
The atomic radius of an
atom decreases as you move left to right across a period and increases as you
move from top to bottom down a
group.
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron configuration of a nobel
gas).
Ionization energy:
The energy needed to remove
an electron from a gaseous atom.
The ionization energy of an
atom increases as you move left to right across a period and decreases as you
move top to bottom down a group.
Electronegativity:
an atoms ability to attract electrons while in a chemical bond. Electronegativity increases left to right across a period and decreases top to bottom down a group.
Click below to download the periodic trend worksheet students worked on in class
periodic_trends_worksheet_1.pdf | |
File Size: | 69 kb |
File Type: |
December 6, 2012
Block 1B
CP Chemistry
Valence electrons:
The electrons in an atoms
outermost orbitals (highest energy level). Valence electrons determine the elements chemical
properties.
Ion:
an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share
electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron
configuration of a nobel
gas).
Lewis (electron) dot
structures:
a notation that shows
valence electrons as dots around the symbol of the element
December 5, 2012
Block 1A,2A,4A
CP Chemistry
Valence electrons:
The electrons in an atoms
outermost orbitals. Valence electrons determine the elements chemical
properties.
Ion:
an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share
electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron
configuration of a nobel
gas).
Lewis (electron) dot
structures:
a notation that shows
valence electrons as dots around the symbol of the element
Periodic Trends
Atomic Radius is the term
used to describe the size of the atom.
The atomic radius of an
atom decreases as you move left to right across a period and increases as you
move from top to bottom down a
group.
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron configuration of a nobel
gas).
Ionization energy:
The energy needed to remove
an electron from a gaseous atom.
The ionization energy of an
atom increases as you move left to right across a period and decreases as you
move top to bottom down a group.
Electronegativity:
an atoms ability to attract electrons while in a chemical bond. Electronegativity increases left to right across a period and decreases top to bottom down a group.
Click below to download the periodic trend worksheet students worked on in class
periodic_trends_worksheet_1.pdf | |
File Size: | 69 kb |
File Type: |
December 4, 2012
Block 5B
CP Chemistry
Periodic Trends
Atomic Radius is the term
used to describe the size of the atom.
The atomic radius of an
atom decreases as you move left to right across a period and increases as you
move from top to bottom down a
group.
Ion: an atom that aquires a charge by losing or gaining
electrons.
Octet rule: atoms tend to
gain,lose or share electrons in order to aquire a full set of 8 valence electrons (valence electron configuration of a nobel
gas).
Ionization energy:
The energy needed to remove
an electron from a gaseous atom.
The ionization energy of an
atom increases as you move left to right across a period and decreases as you
move top to bottom down a group.
Electronegativity:
an atoms ability to attract electrons while in a chemical bond. Electronegativity increases left to right across a period and decreases top to bottom down a group.
Click below to download the periodic trend worksheet students worked on in class
periodic_trends_worksheet_1.pdf | |
File Size: | 69 kb |
File Type: |
All three periodic trends can be explained with the same reasoning.
As you move across a period from left to right each atom has one proton and one electron more than the preceding atom. The protons are added to the nucleus increasing the nuclear charge. The electrons are added to the same energy level. All the electrons in the period have the same distance from the nucleus.
As you move down a group from top to bottom you are adding energy levels with each step down. The nuclear distance is increasing with each step down.
*** Nuclear attraction increases left to right across a period and decrease top to bottom down a group due to the distance between the nucleus (+) and the outermost electrons(-)
Shielding effect
Inner (core) electrons shield the outermost electrons from the nuclear attraction.
December 4, 2012
Block 1B
CP Chemistry
Do Now: write the electron configuration and the orbital
notation for an atom of argon
Students worked
on more electron configurations.
Energy orbital fill differently after the third period of the periodic table.
The s orbitals of the next
energy level (4) fill before the p orbitals of the same energy level
(3)
Students worked on the worksheet below
Students worked on the shortcut nobel gas method of electron configuration. The previous nobel gas in placed in parentheses representing the electron configuration up to and inccluding that nobel gas. The remaining electron configuration follows the parentheses.
electron_configuration_worksheet.pdf | |
File Size: | 85 kb |
File Type: |
December 3, 2012
Blocks 1A,2A and 4A
CP Chemistry
Do Now: write the electron configuration and the orbital
notation for an atom of argon
Students worked
on more electron configurations.
Energy orbital fill differently after the third period of the periodic table.
The s orbitals of the next
energy level (4) fill before the p orbitals of the same energy level
(3)
Students worked on the worksheet below
elecrton_configuration_worksheet_2.pdf | |
File Size: | 49 kb |
File Type: |