The study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom
The smallest amount of an element that retains the properties of that element
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Substance
Matter that has definite composition
Chemical Composition
The elements that make up a substance, and the way they are arranged
Physical change
A type of change that does not alter the chemical composition of a substance
Chemical change
A type of change that alters the chemical composition of a substance
September 30, 2014
density
a physical property of a substance that measures the relationship of the mass of the substance to it's volume.
Density=mass/volume grams/ml
September 26 and 29,2014
students continued to work on naming and formula writing for ionic and molecular compounds.
September 23 and 24, 2014
ions Atoms that acquire a negative or positive charge by gaining or losing electrons
cation A positively charged ion. Atoms lose electrons to become cations.
anion A negatively charged ion. Atoms gain electrons to become anions.
ionic bond bond formed by the attraction of cations(+) to anions(-).
ionic compound a compound composted of positive and negative ions. Ionic compounds are made up of a metal (cation) and a nonmetal(anion)
Binary ionic compounds ionic compounds composed of two elements
Naming binary ionic compounds
cation-same name as the element
anion- same name as the element but add -ide to the ending
polyatomic ions a tightly bound group of atoms that behaves as a unit and carries a charge.
Ionic compounds that contain transition metal must include the charge of the metal ion in parentheses.
Molecular compounds Covalent compounds Compounds made up of 2 or more nonmetals
Naming binary molecular(covalent) compounds
use a prefix for both first and second element except when the first is a mono (1). If mono leave the prefix off. Second element always ends in -ide.
September 19 and 22
Periodic Table An arrangement of the elements into rows and columns according to similarities in their properties.
Dmitri Mendeleev arranged the elements in increasing atomic mass and discovered a periodic pattern in their physical and chemical properties.
Periodic Law when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number their is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties
Periods the horizontal rows of the periodic table
Groups (Families) the vertical columns of the periodic table
Metals the majority of the elements of the periodic table. Metals are usually lustrous, ductile, malleable and good conductors of heat and electricity.
Nonmetals class of elements of the periodic table that are not lustrous and poor conductors of heat and electricity
Metalloids class of elements of the periodic table that have properties of both metals and nonmetals
Alkali Metals group 1 metals. Very reactive metals
Alkaline Earth Metals group 2 metals. Moderately reactive metals
Halogens nonmetals of group 17. Very reactive nonmetals
Nobel Gases nonmetals of group 18. These gases are extremely nonreactive.
Representative elements elements belonging to groups 1,2 and 13 through 18. They represent the entire range of chemical and physical properties.
Transition metals metals found in groups 3 to 12
Lanthanide series elements in period 6 that follow the element lanthanum
Actinide series elements in period 6 that follow the element actinium
September 17 and 18
Students took the first test of the first quarter. students then performed a metal, nonmetal, metalloid lab.
September 15 and 16, 2014
Students took the preassessment then reviewed atomic structure.
September 11 and 12, 2014
atom The smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element
electron negatively charged subatomic particle
proton positively charged subatomic particle
neutron subatomic particle, with no charge, found in the nucleus of the atom.
Nucleus
The extremely small, positively charged, dense center of the atom that contains protons and neutrons
isotope atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
September 9 and 10
students explored the difference between elements and compounds
September 5 and 8
Students performed a lab in which they observed chemical changes taking place
September 3 and 4, 2014
Chemistry
The study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)
Atom
The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Substance
Matter that has definite composition
Chemical Composition
The elements that make up a substance, and the way they are arranged
Physical change
A type of change that does not alter the chemical composition of a substance
Chemical change
A type of change that alters the chemical composition of a substance
Physical property
A characteristic of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the chemical composition
Chemical Property
The ability of a substance to undergo a change in its chemical composition
Students then performed a lab in which they determined the identity of an unknown by the use of physical and chemical properties.
eptember 26
electron negatively charged subatomic particle
proton positively charged subatomic particle
neutron subatomic particle found in the nucleus of the atom with no charge.
isotope atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
September 24
Significant Figures
1) All the digits that can be known precisely in a measurement, plus one last estimated digit.
2) All the digits the instrument gives you, plus one estimated digit.
Scientific Notation
A number between 1 and 10 (coefficient) raised to multiplied by 10 raised to a power(exponent)
Rules for Writing Significant figures (digits) 1)all nonzero digits are significant digits 2) any sandwiched zeros are significant digits 3)Leading zeros are not significant digits 4)Zeros at the end of a measurement are significant only if there is a decimal in the number
September 20
Accuracy The closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is bein measured.
Precision The closeness of several measurements to each other under the same conditions.
Actual value The quantity used by general agreement of the scientific community
Experimental value The quantity obtained experimentally
Percent Error
A ratio of an error to the accepted value.
Error=accepted value-experimental value x 100 accepted value
Accuracy The closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is bein measured.
Precision The closeness of several measurements to each other under the same conditions.
Significant Figures
All the digits that can be known precisely in a measurement, plus one last estimated digit.
September 18,2013
Density The ratio of the mass of a substance to its' volume.
D=m/v
Accuracy The closeness of a measurement to the true value of what is being measured.
Precision The closeness of several measurements to each other under the same conditions.
Percent Error
A ratio of an error to the accepted value.
%Error=accepted value-experimental value x 100 accepted value
September 16, 2013
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Substance (pure substance)
Matter that has definite composition
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. A substance made up of one type of atom
Compound a chemical combination of two or more elements (types of atoms)that can be broken down into simpler substances only by a chemical reaction.
Molecule
a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound
Mixture Combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Heterogeneous Mixture A mixture that is not uniform throughout. The components of the mixture can be distinguished.
Homogeneous Mixture A mixture that is uniform throughout. The components of the mixture cannot be distinguished.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
Colloid A heterogeneous mixture in which particles of the mixture remain suspended.
Suspension A heterogeneous mixture in which particles of the mixture eventually settle out.
Tyndall effect The reflection of light off suspended particles
September 11, 2013
Students worked on the "observations of a chemical reaction" lab
September 9, 2013
Chemistry
The study of matter and the changes that matter undergoes
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Atom
The smallest part of an element that retains the properties of that element
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Substance
Matter that has definite composition
Chemical Composition
The elements that make up a substance, and the way they are arranged
Physical change
A type of change that does not alter the chemical composition of a substance
Chemical change
A type of change that alters the chemical composition of a substance
September 12, 2013
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
Substance (pure substance)
Matter that has definite composition
Element
A pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances
Compound a chemical combination of two or more elements that can be broken down into simpler substances on by a chemical reaction.
Molecule
a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound
Mixture Combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
Heterogeneous Mixture A mixture that is not unifrm throughout. The components of the mixture can be distinguished.
Homogeneous Mixture A mixture that is unifirm throughout. The components of the mixture cannot be distinguished.
A solution is a homogeneous mixture.
Colloid A heterogeneous mixture in which particles of the mixture remain suspended.
Suspension A heterogeneous mixture in which particles of the mixture eventially settle out.
Tyndall effect The reflection of light off suspended particl